7.4 Tracer

7.4.1 Command Status

Optional.

7.4.2 Description

A range of tracer models are available to support simulation of dissolved quantities other than salt or temperature, without feedback to hydrodynamics. A tracer model might be deployed in settings that require flushing analyses or flow path investigation.

One or more tracers are activated using the NTracer command.

! Number of tracers to be modelled
NTracer == N ! {0} Integer number of tracers

The maximum number of tracers is 100, but less than 10 would typically be deployed. Supported tracer implementations are summarised in Table 7.5, with links to the relevant implementation sections below. Commands are listed in Table 7.6.

Table 7.5: Tracer Implementations
Model Implementation Description
Conservative Tracer simulated as conservative (no decay or settling).
Decay Tracer simulated with first-order temporal decay.
Settling Tracer simulated with settling velocity.
Water Age Tracer simulated as water age.
Table 7.6: Tracer Commands
Command Description
NTracer Optional - Specifies the number of tracers to be simulated.
Tracer Conditional - Required for the decay, settling or water age implementations or when disabling evapo-concentration. Starts a tracer block for the specified tracer ID(s). Not required for conservative tracers with default behaviour.
Decay Rate Conditional - Required for the decay tracer model implementation. Specifies first-order decay rate for tracers in the active tracer block.
Settling Velocity Conditional - Required for the settling tracer model implementation. Specifies settling velocity for tracers in the active tracer block.
Evapo-Concentrate Optional - Controls whether tracer concentration increases due to evaporation. The default is evapo-concentrate behaviour on.
Water Age Optional - Enables water age source term accumulation for tracers in the active tracer block.
End Tracer Conditional - Required if using tracer blocks. Closes a tracer block if using decay, settling, water age or evapo-concentrate tracer settings.

7.4.3 Conservative

This model is the default and allows for the initialisation and/or delivery of a tracer within a simulation where the tracer is entirely inert. As such, the tracer simply advects with the mean flow and disperses in response to spatial velocity gradients and the specified mixing model (see Section 7.5). No additional tracer process commands are required beyond NTracer, initial conditions (see Section 7.10) and boundary conditions (see Section 7.10).

7.4.4 Decay

This model allows for the linear temporal decay of a tracer according to Equation (B.9). It can be used to simulate a dissolved quantity that follows a linear decay process pathway.

The decay rate (in units of g/day) is specified within a tracer block (which is similar in style to a material or boundary block).

! Decay for N
Tracer == N ! {No default} Tracer integer ID
  Decay Rate == R_decay ! {0.0} Decay rate (g/day)
End Tracer

Multiple tracers can be assigned the same decay rate in a single block.

! Decay for multiple tracers
Tracer == N1, N2, N3, N4… ! {No default} Tracer integer IDs
  Decay Rate == R_decay ! {0.0} Decay rate (g/day)
End Tracer

7.4.5 Settling

This model allows for the settling of a tracer according to Equation (B.9). It can be used for rudimentary simulation of a quantity that settles, such as suspended sediment. Once settled, a tracer cannot resuspend.

The settling velocity (in units of m/s) is specified within a tracer block (which is similar in style to a material or boundary block) for tracer number N as follows.

! Settling for tracer N
Tracer == N ! {No default} Tracer integer ID
  Settling Velocity == V_settle ! {0.0} Settling velocity (m/s)
End Tracer

Multiple tracers can be assigned the same settling velocity in a single block using the method presented in Section 7.4.4.

7.4.6 Water Age

For studies that need to track retention time, a special tracer type is available using the Water Age command. This enables a source term that accumulates one unit of age per day of model simulation. Water age concentrations then mix with any prescribed inflow boundary concentrations. Typically a water age of zero is applied at inflow boundaries and initial conditions. The water age flag also switches off evapo-concentration for that tracer. ‘Concentration’ units when water age is enabled are days.

! Water age tracer for tracer N
Tracer == N ! {No default} Tracer integer ID
  Water Age == 1 ! {0} OFF | 1 ON
End Tracer

Multiple tracers can be assigned as a water age type in a single block using the method presented in Section 7.4.4.