1  Introduction

1.1 Context

The TUFLOW FV Water Quality (WQ) Module enables the two- or three-dimensional simulation of water quality and ecological processes in natural and constructed waterways such as (but not limited to) lakes, tidal estuaries, river systems and coastal oceans. The module’s design is flexible so as to support tailoring of its setup to meet individual application demands and complexity. The WQ Module is currently supported for use with TUFLOW FV, for releases from 2022 onward.

1.2 Features

1.2.1 Usability

Several key features have been included in the design of the WQ Module to support its use. Some are listed below.

  • Simulation units: The units of simulation (including specification of initial conditions, boundary conditions and computed variable parameters) can be selected as either the commonly used mg/L (and \(\mu\)g/L for phytoplankton) system, or the mmol/m\(^3\) system
  • Library defaults: The WQ Module comes packaged with a fully populated library of default settings for all computed variable parameters. This means that users can quickly set up water quality simulations that automatically draw on these library defaults, with a view to then progressively overriding these defaults and therefore customising simulations to suit
  • Log file user feedback: WQ Module simulations generate a log file that reports all simulation configuration details for review
  • Output computed variable names: The WQ Module output variable names are descriptive and include the units used, for example WQ_DISS_OXYGEN_MGL
  • Output diagnostic variable names: The WQ Module output diagnostic variable names are descriptive and include the units used, for example WQ_DIAG_O2_ATMOS_EXCHANGE_MG_M2_D
  • Specification of concentration limits: The WQ Module allows users to optionally specify minimum and maximum concentration limits for each computed variable, and the WQ Module will reset concentrations to these limits if exceedences are detected. All instances of resetting are reported to the WQ Module log file as continuous commentary
  • Inbuilt guidance on parameter specification: The WQ Module checks all user specified parameters and compares them to typical ranges. If a parameter’s specified value falls outside a typical range, then a warning is reported to the WQ Module log file. These ranges are listed in Appendix A of this manual

1.2.2 Constituents and processes

Constituents currently simulated by the WQ Module include:

  • Dissolved oxygen
  • Silicate
  • Inorganic nitrogen
    • Ammonium
    • Nitrate
  • Inorganic phosphorus
    • Filterable reactive phosphorus
    • Adsorbed filterable reactive phosphorus
  • Organic matter (labile and refractory)
    • Particulate organic carbon
    • Dissolved organic carbon
    • Particulate organic nitrogen
    • Dissolved organic nitrogen
    • Particulate organic phosphorus
    • Dissolved organic phosphorus
    • Refractory dissolved organic carbon
    • Refractory dissolved organic nitrogen
    • Refractory dissolved organic phosphorus
    • Refractory particulate organic matter
  • Phytoplankton (multiple groups)
    • Basic (excludes internal nutrient simulation)
    • Advanced (includes internal nutrient simulation)
  • Pathogens (multiple groups)
    • Free (excludes attachment/detachment to sediment)
    • Attached (includes attachment/detachment to sediment)

Processes captured by the WQ Module include:

  • Water column transformations between constituents (e.g. nitrification)
  • Benthic sediment – water column interactions (e.g. sediment oxygen consumption)
  • Atmospheric exchange (e.g. oxygen dissolution and rainfall deposition)
  • Primary productivity, respiration and exudation of one or more phytoplankton groups
  • Mortality, inactivation, settling and attachment/detachment of one or more pathogen groups

Future near-term releases of the WQ Module will include the ability to simulate:

  • Macrophytes
  • Particulate water quality constituents as sediment fractions (linked dynamically to TUFLOW FV’s Sediment Transport (ST) Module)

Future mid-term releases will include:

  • Zooplankton
  • Biogeochemical particles (linked dynamically to TUFLOW FV’s Particle Tracking (PT) Module)
  • Sediment diagenesis
  • Geochemistry

1.3 Science

The science underpinning the WQ Module is that developed at the School of Agriculture and Environment’s Oceans Institute at The University of Western Australia. The WQ Module has wrapped this world class science into a form that is easily accessed via familiar TUFLOW style commands and workflows, and offers the additional features described in Section 1.2.1.

1.4 Support

BMT sells, distributes and supports the WQ Module. Contact support@tuflow.com or sales@tuflow.com for support and sales inquiries.